Political Culture and Political Participation Behavior

 

      Humanity has always influenced mentally by other things and one of the important affects is political culture and it cause the individual political movement, actions. The system of government come from the society so the political culture aims to be legitimate and it must be determined by the own citizen. How people understand the state culturally and how they act against to state. Then, it determines the course of the state and this course is shaped by the political behavior of its citizen. This article includes the definition of the political culture which is belongs to the Verba and Almond and the examples of the affection political culture to the political participations.

         First of all, we will start with the study of political culture belongs to the Verba and Almond, it is about the five political systems in five different countries which are Mexico, USA, Britain, Germany and Italy. This study shows that citizen must be feel the value of the system and the success of the system related with the political culture. The USA and Britain are successful because they have democratic system and the system works very well to balanced the culture and institution relationship. On the other hand, Germany failed to use the political culture system so they reach the authoritarian regime and Nazism occurred in the Germany. Also, it doesn’t need to be match any political view and the political understanding can see belongs to the political power but they are not same thing, there are lots of another affects in the society. Rational choose became less important in the society so the classes, races, genders became less important too and they ignore these powers, they focus the supporting of the Liberal system. Also, the civic culture built on the elitist view and the hierarchic system occurred. Also, the hegemonic power can control, scare to citizen. This study aims to reflect the society but countries need to regulate the relationship between state and civil society. For this reason, people attend to feel the historical background because of the postmodernism but the all-cultural backgrounds which are believes, norms, thoughts are changing and every citizen must understand one by one so the political attendance must disseminate. The all of these explanations of the political culture.

         Another fact to understand the political culture is citizenship.  It is a requirement and it means that the feeling of the part of the political institutions. The citizenship can understand only with the internal and external combination of environmental factors like political culture as political culture. Namely, these factors can come from inside or outside. For example, the migration affects to the country as we see in Turkey so it can cause the economical, cultural problems in the society. So, the citizenship understanding can affect from this event, it can change the relationship of state and citizenship. The Liberal idea support that the citizen can not cover direct mission, responsibility, this feeling can not contact with the citizen, they argue that idea. Social scientist against this idea because if the social morality work, continue in the society, it must be wanting from the citizen. Also, this state has to regulate the blanks about culture and it must be support by the state for creating an understanding of citizenship. The right of citizen must be equal for each citizen and it should reject the idea of non-equal citizen because it is a problem for the creating of participating politics. The hierarchy and elitist view occur in Liberal view so it came with modernism. People can not reflect their citizenship in the political era and they come across with the non-equality. With the postmodernism, citizen start to disappear because the races, religion factors become less important so they became more equal. However, the Liberal system push the system in such a dilemma and the political participation process become harder in the liberal system. The postmodernism help organization which hard to see in political era and people can not contribute the politics because of the liberal democracy and elitist view.

           Lastly, Political participation is aims to sharing own thought the idea in political area because politics affect every moment of the life. So, the political participation is a requirement because people take decision about how they manage and it affect their life directly. For this reason, they being part of the participation of the politics so they have voice how they live. But it determines by the cultural backgrounds and it change in every society in the world because of the different understanding of the life; the cultures, norms, values, history, geography and other effects. For this reason, one good politic culture cannot occur in the society and it became so hard because increasing diversity in civil society. Democracy helps to equal rights in the society and the living equal life became more easier because democracy look every member of citizen as an equal.  Another factor of technology, technology helps to increase the political participation rates because people can be part of the politics easier in different areas such as social media, television etc. And people can share the common ideas easily in these areas and they can affect the politics. The different management factors can block, create problems about the political participation and civil society will be in different system as a different type. So, it causes the different type of political participation in different style.

          An example about this issue, the Turkey politic system and political participation behavior understanding. Turkey politics system is so complicated but I will try to explain. In Turkey, there were two stick idea which are right and left. This ideas kind of reflection of the Republic and Ottomans (Islamic view). Before the 90’s, the left has more power in political life and people attend to vote this view because of the tradition and culture. The participating rate of right was more less and it changed after 90’s. The modernist view causes the two-stick idea and it continued. So, we can see internal effects in this issue and also external effects too. After 90s, the right view gained more power because the other view use power and people can not reflect their ideas easily but democracy show to people equal world so the right view gained power with this system and they pull the people politics. People being part of the political area and they started to take decision about their life. Also, traditional issues help to gather each other and they became powerful because the state must behave equal to every citizen. But the liberal effects occurred and people needed to show their idea differently because of the cultural backgrounds so both right and left ideas diversified and lots of view occurred in Turkish culture. So, it causes the more different ideas in political area and people start to support their ideas in different mass media easily so it helps to increase the political participation and the politic culture turned from liberal, elitist to democracy with postmodernism. The difference increased in Turkish politics with different political participation style.

           In conclusion, we tried to explain different in political culture and how it leads to different political participation behavior. Also, we wrote some examples about this topic and tried to discuss this idea. In my opinion, political participation is kind of requirement because people must select their government with their own idea in equal environment. The democracy helps to much this equal condition but the postmodernism leads to different ideas largely.